People, Policy, and Police

Many cities are engaging in police reform. Two cities, Baltimore and St. Louis are focal points in the fight for police accountability. This project sheds light on how policing influences public safety and community health. We highlight the work of various stakeholders in these cities and the police reform legislation needed to make effective and lasting policy changes.

The Chicago Police officers and community members gather in a prayer during "Operation Wake-Up" rally supporting efforts to help stop the violence in Chicago, Illinois, U.S., July 6, 2017. REUTERS/Kamil Krzaczynski

Many cities are engaging in police reform. Two cities, Baltimore and St. Louis are focal points in the fight for police accountability. The “People, Policy, and Police” project sheds light on how policing influences public safety and community health. We highlight the work of various stakeholders in these cities and the police reform legislation needed to make effective and lasting policy changes.

Baltimore map
Baltimore, MD
st louis map
             St. Louis, MO

 

 

Learn more from some of the community members we interviewed in each city who are dedicated to improving policing outcomes.

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Baltimore, Maryland

Marion Gray-Hopkins

Marion Gray-Hopkins
Credit: Taylor Brown

Marion Gray-Hopkins was born in Washington D.C. and currently resides in Upper Marlboro, Maryland. She began her advocacy and social justice work following the senseless and unjustified killing of her unarmed 19-year-old son Gary Hopkins Jr. in November of 1999 by Prince George’s County Police. She is an active community worker collaborating with local and national organizations to address racism and systemic injustices. She co-founded and now serves as the executive director of the Coalition of Concerned Mothers.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“The killing of my unarmed son by police thrusted me into this line of work. I wanted to understand how this could happen to my son and then learning it was not an aberration but that it was not an isolated incident. Police brutality affected people of color at a disproportionate rate than white counterparts. I had do my part by turning my pain into purpose to address police violence.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“Police would engage with the community they serve to rebuild the trust that has been lost over the years. We would not have to have different conversations with black and brown communities about how to interact with law enforcement to avoid a potential deadly situation. People are willing to work with police instead of fearing them.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“The relationship between police and community is one that is unhealthy because of the fear of a deadly or near death encounters with police having impunity for their actions. Having police reform that holds police accountable when they use their powers unjustly will improve community and police relations.”

Yanet Amanuel

Yanet Ammanuel
Credit: Taylor Brown

Yanet Amanuel began her advocacy journey as a student at the University of Maryland, College Park, where she earned a B.A. in sociology. She has since held several impactful roles, serving as chief of staff for a Prince George’s County delegate, Region 7 adult representative on the NAACP National Youth Works Committee, young adult chair of the Prince George’s County NAACP, and policy advocate for the Job Opportunities Task Force. Most recently, Yanet co-led the Maryland Coalition for Justice and Police Accountability, driving the American Civil Liberties Union’s (ACLU) legislative efforts to repeal the Law Enforcement Officers’ Bill of Rights and reform the Maryland Public Information Act to ensure transparency in police misconduct cases. She has also led successful legislative advocacy campaigns that resulted in the passage of the Child Interrogation Protection Act, the prohibition of warrantless police searches based on the odor of marijuana, and the removal of the governor from the parole process for individuals serving life sentences.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“I’m deeply passionate about advocacy, particularly in the areas of police and sentencing reform, because these issues profoundly affect the communities I belong to and the people I care about. I was drawn to policy work because I believe in the power of changing laws to create meaningful and lasting improvements for Black people.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“My ideal vision of public safety is a system where the community has meaningful control over the police disciplinary process. This includes independent investigatory and subpoena power, as well as granting community oversight boards the authority to make final decisions.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“Policing disproportionately impacts the mental and physical health of Black and Brown communities, contributing to trauma, stress, and a lack of trust in police. Police reform, such as stronger community oversight boards, increased accountability and transparency, can help can improve community health by fostering accountability, reducing violence, and building trust, creating safer and more supportive environments where individuals can thrive without the constant threat of harm.”

Senator Cory V. McCray

Cory McCray

Credit: Corrin Johnson

Cory V. McCray serves as the Maryland state senator for the 45th Legislative District, representing East and Northeast Baltimore since 2019. As a journeyman electrician and vice president of IBEW Local 24, he brings a unique working-class perspective to Annapolis. McCray has successfully passed more than 100 pieces of legislation, advancing apprenticeships, public safety, education, and housing to uplift Baltimore’s communities.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“Growing up in Baltimore, my trajectory wasn’t always clear—I faced challenges as a juvenile that could have defined my future. But with determination and support, I shifted course, becoming an electrician and later a public servant. Those experiences drive my passion for advocating policies that empower communities through equity, access, and opportunity, ensuring others can overcome obstacles and cross their own finish lines.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“My ideal vision of public safety is one where robust community investment addresses the root causes of crime, and residents feel secure and connected to law enforcement. By passing a residency requirement in Baltimore for high-ranking officers, we’ve strengthened ties between officers and the communities they serve. Additionally, legislation I passed to require audits of the Baltimore Police Department has helped increase transparency and accountability. Public safety thrives when opportunity and accountability work hand in hand.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“Policing has a significant impact on community health, as trust in law enforcement can influence mental well-being, reduce stress, and create a sense of safety. By passing reforms like residency requirements for high-ranking officers and legislation to improve transparency through police audits, we’re fostering stronger relationships between officers and the communities they serve. These changes help build trust, reduce tension, and create an environment where public health and public safety can thrive together.”

Dayvon Love

Credit: Taylor Brown

Dayvon Love is a Baltimore-based political advocate and Pan-African nationalist. Love is the director and co-founder of public policy for Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle (LBS), a grassroots think-tank which advances the public policy interest of Black people, in Baltimore, through: Youth leadership development, political advocacy, and autonomous intellectual innovation. Love is also the author of “When Baltimore Awakes” and “Fear of a Black Planet.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“Growing up in Baltimore, my trajectory wasn’t always clear—I faced challenges as a juvenile that could have defined my future. But with determination and support, I shifted course, becoming an electrician and later a public servant. Those experiences drive my passion for advocating policies that empower communities through equity, access, and opportunity, ensuring others can overcome obstacles and cross their own finish lines.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“Public safety should be primarily comprised of community based organizations that are able to resolve disputes, prevent conflict, foster community cohesion and provide the healing needed to counter the societal assaults on our humanity that leads to violence within the community. Police and prison should be the absolute last resort, and hopefully we can aspire for a world where prisons and police are obsolete.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“Police have often taken on the posture as occupying force in our community. This has led to police being a source of anxiety, pain, and in many cases, abuse. Police reform that is driven by community control of police will give the community more power to push back against the way that law enforcement has caused harm to Black people.”

St. Louis, MO

Adolphus M. Pruitt II

Credit: Aaron Banks

Adolphus M. Pruitt II is a prominent civil rights leader and community advocate in St. Louis, Missouri. As the president of the St. Louis City branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Pruitt has been instrumental in advancing equity for underserved populations, particularly in areas of civil rights, education, community, and economic development. His extensive career spans entrepreneurship, real estate development, and consulting, with significant achievements in increasing minority and women-owned business participation in major projects and initiatives throughout the St. Louis region.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“My journey to civil rights leadership and community advocacy began at the age of 23 when I started as an entrepreneur, single parent, and part-time student. My early experiences in business, coupled with creative problem-solving skills, led me to tackle barriers that historically impeded progress for underserved populations. My work in real estate and community development in underserved neighborhoods allowed my entrepreneurial skills to flourish, setting the stage for my future accomplishments in civil rights, education, and economic development.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“My ideal vision of public safety in St. Louis would likely emphasize community-oriented policing, criminal justice reform, and addressing systemic inequalities. And the community as a whole would advocate for increased diversity in law enforcement, improved police-community relations, and a focus on addressing root causes of crime through economic development and educational opportunities, particularly in underserved areas of north St. Louis. Public safety initiatives that promote accountability and transparency in policing are welcome, with strong support for oversight boards and the implementation of policies to reduce racial profiling and excessive use of force.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“Policing in St. Louis creates significant health challenges for Black residents, causing mental health trauma, physical injuries, and exacerbating existing health disparities. Recent reforms like the ‘Cops and Clinicians’ program aim to reduce these negative impacts by providing more compassionate, mental health-focused responses to community needs. While promising, these initial reforms have not yet fully addressed the deep-rooted health inequities caused by aggressive policing practices.”

Ohun Ashe

Credit: Aaron Banks

Ohun Ashe is an activist, organizer, and founder of ForTheCultureSTL from St. Louis, Missouri. She always had an interest in human rights, but that interest turned into passion on August 9, 2014, when Mike Brown Jr. was killed by Darren Wilson. The Ferguson Uprising changed the trajectory of her life.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“Troy Davis and Tarika Wilson were some of my first eye openers to injustice. Then injustice came right to my front door when Mike Brown Jr. was killed just a few miles away from where I grew up. I started as a citizen journalist documenting the Ferguson Uprising and expanded into an organizer and activist.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“Public safety is most effective with preventative care. That means continuous equitable access to all human rights needs (housing, education, food security, reproductive, healthcare, etc). When it comes to safety within community, that should be in the hands of community and community organizations dedicated to holistic safety.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“Data shows that communities who face over policing are more likely to deal with PTSD, anxiety, depression and stress. Compound that with the decades of over-policing and we’re talking about intergenerational trauma, where the effects of over-policing are now embedded in a community’s DNA. Police reform and abolition would mean communities could finally have the opportunity to heal from the direct impact of police violence, abuse, and trauma.”

Wilford Pinkney Jr.

Credit: Tommy Nagel

Wilford Pinkney Jr. has spent over 35 years in the public safety sector using design thinking and system building in diverse demographic, governmental, health and social service structures to promote safe and healthy communities. Pinkney recently started a new position as assistant chief executive officer at the County of Los Angeles Chief Executive Office, leading a team responsible for safely depopulating and closing Men’s Central Jail by expanding the continuum of care for individuals being diverted or released from jail, while ensuring public health and safety.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“In 2018 I went to St. Louis to lead efforts to reform the pretrial system. The overarching goal was to better align resources and redesign systems, structures and policies to reform the early stages of the criminal justice process and move the needle toward greater fairness.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“Public safety in a community looks like people engaging in healthy behaviors, such as walking, bicycling, using parks and recreational spaces, and accessing healthy food outlets. It also means people coming together to support each other, solve problems, and achieve common goals.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“Police reform can Increase access/connection to services for individuals with MH and SUD needs who encounter police. It can also improve outcomes for people who have mental health illnesses and are in the criminal justice system.”

Perri Johnson

Perri Johnson is a retired police commander with 27 years of service in the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department. He is currently the dean of students and admissions at Loyola Academy of St. Louis.

What brought you to your line of work and why?

“Always being an advocate for community service and finding ways to provide community support through resources and education.”

What’s your vision of public safety in your community?

“Sufficient needs being met for everyone to have a fair chance to grow and enjoy life.”

Can you describe the health impacts of policing and how police reform could change your community’s health?

“It has the possibility of saving and improving lives.”

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